Pyoderma Gangrenosum: a Rare Disease in Dermatology

Abstract

Introduction: The skin is one of the organic structures of great importance due to the functions it performs in the body. Neutrophilic dermatoses are a group of dermatological diseases that can present with general manifestations.

Objective: To explain the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum as a rare disease in dermatology.

Method: A review of articles published in the databases SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, and the Google Scholar search engine was conducted, in Spanish and English. The search was conducted between January and December 2024. Keywords from health science descriptors were used, such as pyoderma and treatment. The 29 publications related to the topic were selected from the 48 articles.

Development: Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis that predominantly affects women. It is suspected in patients with pustules that progress to ulcers, with subsequent formation of necrotic plaques and atrophic scars. Its diagnosis is clinical. The initial treatment involves systemic corticosteroids, although immunosuppressants and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may also be used.

Conclusions: Pyoderma gangrenosum is a skin disorder that requires careful analysis. In a patient with a spontaneously occurring skin lesion that has an aggressive course, this disease should be considered. A good clinical history and proper assessment of the wound will allow for the selection of appropriate treatment.